against the country squires. Uneasily balanced to-day between
Conservative instincts and Liberal ideas they look to war to
settle problems which their parliamentary representatives are
painfully incapable of solving. In addition, doctrinaire
manufacturers declare that the difficulties between themselves
and their workmen originate in France, the home of revolutionary
ideas of freedom--without France industrial unrest would be
unknown.

"Lastly, there are the manufacturers of guns and armor plate, big
merchants who demand bigger markets, bankers who are speculating
on the coming of the golden age and the next war indemnity--all
these regard war as good business.

"Among the 'Bismarckians' must be reckoned officials of all
kinds, represented fairly closely in the Reichstag by the Free
Conservatives or Imperial party. This is the party of the
'pensioned,' whose impetuous sentiments are poured out in the
'Post.' They find disciples and political sympathizers in the
various groups of young men whose minds have been trained and
formed in the public schools and universities.

"The universities, if we except a few distinguished spirits,
develop a warlike philosophy. Economists demonstrate by
statistics Germany's need for a colonial and commercial empire
commensurate with the industrial output of the empire. There are
sociological fanatics who go even further. The armed peace, so
they say, is a crushing burden on the nations; it checks
improvement in the lot of the masses and assists the growth of
Socialism. France, by clinging obstinately to her desire for
revenge, opposes disarmament. Once for all she must be reduced
for a century to a state of impotence; that is the best and
speediest way of solving the social problem.

"Historians, philosophers, political pamphleteers, and other
apologists of German _Kultur_ wish to impose upon the world a way
of thinking and feeling specifically German. They wish to wrest
from France that intellectual supremacy which, according to the
clearest thinkers, is still her possession. From this source is
derived the phraseology of the Pan-Germans and the ideas and
adherents of the _Kriegsvereine_ [war leagues], _Wehrvereine_,
and other similar associations too well known to need particular
descripti