he award and
others take their places, and at this point the fact of arbitration
will make the duty of the state easier though hardly clearer.

The case of such trades as building and mining differs from the
others only in the fact that there is not present the check that is
elsewhere afforded by the danger of new mills, and the pay secured by
crude force is high. To announce a rate based on the result of a
strike, _if slugging is to be permitted during the strike_, is to
accept, for the moment, what violence will secure; and nothing will
remove this feature of the adjudication but a manful assertion of
sovereignty by the state and a complete ending of the tolerance now
accorded to anarchy. By no means, however, does this deprive union men
of the advantage that organization gives them. They may be secured in
the possession of every advantage which collective bargaining, without
violence, can secure. Great numbers enlisted in a union will give to
it a prospect of success in enforcing any reasonable demand. Voluntary
arbitration, that aims to preclude a strike, will have to respect this
fact of organization and give the men about what a legitimate strike
would yield. As a rule, this will result in compromises of opposing
claims, and if violence is not in sight as a resource, the compromises
will fall near to the natural standard of wages.

_Why Conciliation is preferred to Arbitration._--Both among organized
laborers and corporate employers there is a dread of state action for
the positive adjustment of wages. There is a preference for
conciliation over any kind of arbitration, and there is a preference
for voluntary arbitration over that which has any trace of authority
behind it. For tribunals which have full coercive power, most
employers and strongly organized laborers have an insurmountable
repugnance. If such tribunals were introduced, it would be against
their strongest opposition, which is saying that a measure designed
to secure industrial peace would have to be put into operation while
the parties directly interested in it opposed it with might and main.

The reasons for this attitude are not difficult to discover.
Conciliation aims solely to secure internal peace in a department of
industry. To avert strikes or reduce their duration is all that it can
do and all that the parties directly interested wish to have it do.
From the point of view of employers and employed in a highly
profitable industry, the avert