recognition of the classical and
the modern _Gymnasium_, and emphasized the importance of giving more
time to Latin and to English in both. In the teaching of Greek, "useless
details" were to be set aside, and special care devoted to the connexion
between ancient and modern culture, while, in all subjects, attention
was to be paid to the classic precept: _multum, non multa_.

By the scheme of 1901 the pupils of the _Realgymnasium_, the
_Oberrealschule_ and the _Gymnasium_ were admitted to the university on
equal terms in virtue of their leaving-certificates, but Greek and Latin
were still required for students of classics or divinity.

For the _Gymnasium_ the aim of the new scheme is, in _Latin_, "to supply
boys with a sound basis of grammatical training, with a view to their
understanding the more important classical writers of Rome, and being
thus introduced to the intellectual life and culture of the ancient
world"; and, in _Greek_, "to give them a sufficient knowledge of the
language with a view to their obtaining an acquaintance with some of the
Greek classical works which are distinguished both in matter and in
style, and thus gaining an insight into the intellectual life and
culture of Ancient Greece." In consequence of these changes Greek is now
studied by a smaller number of boys, but with better results, and a new
lease of life has been won for the classical _Gymnasium_.

Lastly, by the side of the classical _Gymnasium_, we now have the
"German Reform Schools" of two different types, that of Altona (dating
from 1878) and that of Frankfort-on-the-Main (1892). The leading
principle in both is the postponement of the time for learning Latin.
Schools of the Frankfort type take French as their only foreign language
in the first three years of the course, and aim at achieving in six
years as much as has been achieved by the _Gymnasia_ in nine; and it is
maintained that, in six years, they succeed in mastering a larger amount
of Latin literature than was attempted a generation ago, even in the
best _Gymnasia_ of the old style. It may be added that in all the German
_Gymnasia_, whether reformed or not, more time is given to classics than
in the corresponding schools in England.

See F. Paulsen, _Geschichte des gelehrten Unterrichts vom Ausgang des
Mittelalters bis auf die Gegenwart mit besonderer Ruecksicht auf den
klassischen Unterricht_ (2 vols., 2nd ed., 1896); _Das Realgymnasium
und die humanistische Bi