d fit two or three thicknesses
of cheese cloth over the end of it. Press a tuft of absorbent
cotton into the small part of the neck to a depth of about 3 in.
Insert the chimney in a hole cut in a wood shelf used as a
support. Pour the water in until the filter is filled, when it
will be observed that any organic matter, chips of iron rust,
etc., will be retained by the cotton. The fine organic matter may
penetrate the cotton for about 1 in., but no farther. The
resultant filtered water will be clear and pure.

[Illustration: Filter]

** Cutting Tools [278]

The cutting point of a tool should never be below the centers.

** Imitation Arms and Armor-Part VI [279]

A mass of any kind of clay that is easily modeled and fairly stiff
must be prepared and kept moist and well kneaded for making the
models over which paper is formed to make the shape of the
articles illustrated in these sketches. A modeling board must be
made of one large board or several pieces joined closely together
upon which to work the clay, says the English Mechanic, London.
The size of the board depends upon the size of the work to be
made.

[Illustration: Armor and Clay Models]

An open chamfron of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. 1. This
piece of horse armor, which was used in front of a horse's head,
makes a splendid center for a shield on which are fixed the
swords, etc., and is a good piece for the amateur armorer to try
his hand on in the way of modeling in clay or papier mache work.
The opening for the animal to put his head into is semicircular,
and the sides do not cover the jaws. As the main part of this
armor is worn in front of the head the extreme depth is about 4
in. The entire head piece must be modeled in clay with the hands,
after which it is covered with a thin and even coating of sweet or
pure olive oil. A day before making the clay model some pieces of
thin, brown wrapping paper are torn in irregular shapes to the,
size of the palm of the hand and put to soak in a basin of water
in which a tablespoonful of size has been dissolved. If size
cannot be obtained from your local painter, a weak solution of
glue will do equally well. All being ready, and the clay model
oiled, take up one piece of paper at a time and very carefully
place it on the surface of the model, pressing it on well and into
and around any crevices and patterns. Continue this operation
until the clay model is completely covered on every part. Th